Hernandez, Manuel A.; Ecker, Olivier; Läderach, Peter; Maystadt, Jean-Francois. Washington, DC 2023
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
The current sanctions regime aims to spare the agriculture sector, including inputs, to avoid side effects on global food security. Russia is a major global supplier of key staples, including wheat, and both countries are important fertilizer producers and exporters. Shutting down trade in those items would have disastrous consequences for global markets and on agriculture and food supplies in countries reliant on them.
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
The deal, brokered by Türkiye and the United Nations, has been widely praised; resuming Ukrainian trade should help ease market prices, consolidating the reductions seen in recent weeks and helping to bring prices back to the pre-COVID-19 levels of 2020. Indeed, wheat prices had already fallen to their pre-invasion level by July 1, while corn prices returned to pre-war levels by July 17. Still, prices for both cereals remain 50% higher than 30 months ago [July 2020].
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David; Mamun, Abdullah. Washington, DC 2023
over the second half of the year.
In this post, we examine the impacts of these restrictive trade measures on prices, supplies, and other indicators. While the pressures that led to the export restrictions have significantly eased and prices of key food commodities have mostly fallen to pre-war levels, the war continues and markets remain volatile, signaling continuing uncertainty and raising concerns that countries could impose restrictions in the future.
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David; Mamun, Abdullah. Washington, DC 2023
With food prices already high due to COVID-19-related supply chain disruptions and drought-reduced yields in 2021, Russia’s invasion came at a bad time for global food markets. Russia and Ukraine alone account for 12% of total calories traded. As the war continues, there is a growing likelihood that food shortages, particularly of grains and vegetable oils, will become acute, leading more countries to turn to restrictions on trade.
Kurdi, Sikandra; Ecker, Olivier; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
Since February 2022, meanwhile, the Russia-Ukraine war has disrupted global supplies of grains and other key agricultural products and driven global food prices higher. Yemen depends heavily on grain imports to feed a population long teetering on the edge of famine. Maintaining wheat flowing into the country and wheat products reaching consumers through private sector importers, processors, and distributors is a critical puzzle piece for managing food security.
Glauber, Joseph W.. Washington, DC 2023
Before 2022, volatility (measured by the implied volatility in the wheat futures market) spiked and remained high three times since 2006 — in 2007/08 and then again in 2010/11 and 2012/13 (as indicated in the gray bands in the figure). Markets then remained relatively quiet until the recent spike following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. High volatility persists due to market uncertainty over the war and the relative tightness in stock levels, which provide little cushion against unforeseen production shortfalls.
Glauber, Joseph W.; Hernandez, Manuel A.; Laborde Debucquet, David; Martin, Will; Rice, Brendan; Vos, Rob. Washington, DC 2023
Given the importance of both Russia and Ukraine as suppliers in global markets for wheat, maize, sunflower seeds and oil, and Russia’s importance in international fertilizer and energy markets, the war provoked a surge in food and energy prices worldwide. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)’s international food price index climbed to its all-time high in mid-May (Figure 1). At that point, wheat prices, for instance, were up 32% from their level at the start of the war. Then prices fell, with those of agricultural commodities, including wheat, returning to pre-war levels. However, prices remain high by historical standards, reflecting impacts of supply disruptions and the surge in global demand for commodities during the recovery from the COVID-19-induced recession in 2021.
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David; Mamun, Abdullah. Washington, DC 2023
Here, we focus on another important emerging food security issue: The war’s impact on vegetable oils. The Black Sea countries are large exporters of sunflower oil, and the crisis has pushed vegetable oil prices significantly higher, and also triggered trade policy responses around the world that further restrict supplies and raise prices. This post examines the unfolding impacts on the global market for vegetable oils, including additional factors affecting prices such as biofuel policies and export restrictions in the Black Sea and elsewhere.
Vos, Rob; Glauber, Joseph; Laborde Debucquet, David. Washington, DC 2023
First, prices for food commodities remain high by historical standards. As shown in Figure 1, the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) index for internationally traded food commodities, after rising during the initial months of the war, is now back to its pre-war, end of 2021 level — but still remains well above levels of preceding years. This holds for all main components of the index (cereals, meat, dairy, vegetable oils, and sugar). Vegetable oil prices showed the strongest decline in the second half of 2022, falling by 33% between June and December, but still are one-third above pre-COVID levels.
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David. Washington, DC 2023
Hebebrand, Charlotte; Laborde Debucquet, David. Washington, DC 2023
World market prices for both food and fertilizer (here we focus only on N, P, and K) increased significantly over the past year and a half and have climbed to even higher levels following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February, hitting their highest levels yet in March (see Figure 1, +125% from January 2021 to January 2022, +17% from January 2022 to March 2022).
While there is an immediate concern about the impact of high food prices on food security, especially in low and middle-income countries, fertilizer price spikes and concerns about availability cast a shadow on future harvests, and thus risk keeping food prices high for a longer period.
In this blog post — which draws on data from the new IFPRI fertilizer dashboard; IFASTAT, compiled by the International Fertilizer Association (IFA); and FAOSTAT — we discuss the underlying drivers of current high pric es, explain why the global fertilizer market is particularly susceptible to shocks, and examine which countries are most vulnerable to fertilizer market disruptions. A subsequent post will explore short- and medium-term solutions to address the serious affordability and availability concerns.
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David; Swinnen, Johan. Washington, DC 2023
While the Black Sea region has historically been a major grain producer, its emergence as a major world exporting region is a relatively recent phenomenon. From the 1970s until the early 2000s — the decades imme diately before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union — Russia and Ukraine were net grain importers. This post examines how and why Russia and Ukraine became such important factors in 21st century global food markets — and thus why the war poses a continuing threat to global food security
Hebebrand, Charlotte; Glauber, Joseph W.. Washington, DC 2023
Headey, Derek D.; Hirvonen, Kalle. Washington, DC 2023
Yet there were concerns that this system was creaking at the seams as far back as 2007. At that time, there were steeply rising food prices driven by rising oil prices, explosive demand for corn-based biofuels, high shipping costs, financial market speculation, low grain reserves, severe weather disruptions in some major grain produc ers, and a swath of nervy trade policies leading to further shocks that worsened the problem.
The World Food Program’s director general described it as a “perfect storm.” Prices spiked again in 2011/12 before gradually receding.
In retrospect, those storms might now appear temperate in comparison to that we face in 2022. Even before the current crisis unfolded, food, fertilizer, oil, and shipping costs were rising steeply.
The FAO cereal price index shows prices hit their 2008 level in 2021, and since the invasion they have explod ed. Between 2019 and March 2022, cereal prices increased by 48%, fuel prices by 86%, and fertilizer prices by 35% (Figure 1).
Here are three factors that we think make the situation in 2022 much worse, and three measures that could help prevent a global food supply system collapse
Glauber, Joseph W.. Washington, DC 2023
Rice, Brendan; Hernandez, Manuel A.; Glauber, Joseph W.; Vos, Rob. Washington, DC 2023
Rising price volatility poses a distinct threat, as it induces greater market uncertainty, which affects production decisions, and can spur speculative behavior. Both would fan further food price inflation. What is driving the current price volatility, and what are its implications for markets and food security?
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
Breisinger, Clemens; Kirui, Oliver; Dorosh, Paul A.; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
Sudan faces a uniquely difficult set of circumstances as these disruptions loom. As with other countries in the region, wheat is a key food item for Sudan, second only to sorghum as a source of calories and accounting for 530 calories/person/day — a fifth of the estimated 2,576 total calories consumed daily. Only about 15% of the wheat consumed is grown in Sudan — a share that might shrink due to rising fertilizer and energy prices; the rest is imported, with a majority sourced from Russia and Ukraine in recent years (Figure 1). Adding to these vulnerabilities, prices for wheat and fuel were already spiking before the war began, compounding the risk of rising food insecurity.
Laborde Debucquet, David; Smaller, Carin. Washington, DC 2023
The G7 effort can help to ensure a commensurate response to what is turning out to be the worst glob al hunger crisis in decades, and in so doing help to elevate the G7 itself, whose relevance as an exclusive group of rich and elite countries has been questioned. To realize this promise, however, G7 commitments must be backed up with action — particularly funding.
Mamun, Abdullah; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
The conflict threatens Bangladesh’s recent progress on this front. With a population of 165 million in 2021 — with 38% employed by the griculture and fisheries sector — and a growing economy, the country’s undernourished population declined from a high of 16% in 2000 to as low as 9.7% in 2019. While the COVID-19 pandemic increased food insecurity, by some measures the country proved relatively resilient: According to an IFPRI study, the proportion of rural households facing moderate or severe food insecurity rose from 15% in early 2020 to 45% in January 2021, then returned to pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2021.
Kurdi, Sikandra; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
Yemen’s civil war has ravaged the country since 2015, and lately serious impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic have worsened its already precarious food security situation. The prevalence of undernourishment, as measured by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), exceeds 45%, and more than half of the population relies on some type of in-kind food assistance.
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David. Washington, DC 2023
Even before the crisis, agricultural commodity supplies were tight and market prices were at (nominal) record levels. Prices for most grains and oilseeds have risen sharply since the war began in late February (Figure 1). Russia and Ukraine together supply about 12% of global agricultural exports on a caloric basis, and over 30% of global wheat exports. The two countries command even higher shares in the wheat-dependent economies of the Middle East and North Africa, where wheat prices have risen over 30% compared to pre-war levels. Fertilizer and energy markets have seen rising prices and supply disruptions as well.
Hebebrand, Charlotte; Laborde Debucquet, David. Washington, DC 2023
Spiking fertilizer prices are likely to have major impacts on agriculture and food production — and thus, food security — around the world, as farmers struggle to pay for a key input and face potential supply disruptions, and governments look for ways to cushion the economic blow.
Headey, Derek D.; Ruel, Marie T.. Washington, DC 2023
exacerbating existing inequalities.
These results show the urgency of policies focused on improving maternal and young child nutrition, and the importance of broadening actions to reduce food price volatility and boost access to nutritious foods.
Abay, Kibrom A.; Karachiwalla, Naureen; Kurdi, Sikandra; Salama, Yousra . Washington, DC 2023
In this post, based on a recent survey, we assess how Egypt’s poor households are responding to these economic stresses, and how the Egyptian government’s social protection efforts have affected consumption since the conflict began. In general, the survey indicates that many poor households cut back on consumption of some unsubsidized nutritious foods while consumption of subsidized foods remained unaffected, suggesting the national food subsidy program plays an important role.
Breisinger, Clemens; Diao, Xinshen; Dorosh, Paul A.; Mbuthia, Juneweenex; Omune, Lensa; Oseko, Edwin Ombui; Pradesha, Angga; Thurlow, James. Washington, DC 2023
But many countries are affected by price increases across a range of commodities (some predating the war), including in fertilizers, edible oils, and maize, as well as oil, natural gas, and other energy products. How are these sharp international price increases impacting countries and people, and how can countries respond? Our recent modeling study focusing on Kenya suggests higher prices, particularly for fertilizer, will reduce GDP growth and increase poverty rates in the country, putting an estimated 1.4 million additional people below the poverty line.
Bryan, Elizabeth; Ringler, Claudia. Washington, DC 2023
It is a perilous moment for women and girls around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic already pushed an estimated additional 47 million girls and women into extreme poverty, reversing decades of progress. And in 2021, at least 150 million more women than men were experiencing food insecurity — with the gender gap continuing to grow. Crises pose particular risks to girls, leading to them to drop out of school at higher rates, and increasing the incidence of gender-based violence, including early or forced marriage and economic or sexual exploitation.
Bouët, Antoine; Laborde, David; Traoré, Fousseini. Washington, DC 2023
Overall, the greatest risk is from rising global prices. The region imports relatively little food or fertilizer (with some exceptions) from Russia and Ukraine, insulating it from many of the current market disruptions, and has capacity to substitute some lost fertilizer imports.
Abay, Kibrom A.; Abdelfattah, Lina; Breisinger, Clemens; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
In this post, we consider the impacts of the war on the wheat market, focusing on Egypt. Wheat is a key food item for this country, representing between 35% and 39% of caloric intake per person in the past few years. Wheat imports usually account for about 62% of total wheat use in the country. We conclude by listing a number of key policy actions aimed at diversifying imports in the short term and helping Egypt’s agrifood system transformation become fairer and more resilient. The latter is an absolute necessity in the context of looming threats from climate change and water scarcity.
De Weerdt, Joachim; Duchoslav, Jan. Washington, DC 2023
The conflict has disrupted global supplies of key cereals, vegetable oils, and fertilizers, pushing already-high prices higher, and putting particular pressure on low-income countries with vulnerable poor populations. In this post we discuss how rising wheat, maize, cooking oil, and fertilizer prices are likely to impact Malawi and how the government can respond.
Breisinger, Clemens; Khouri, Nadim; Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
A recent World Bank report calls Lebanon’s current crisis “The Great Denial” — referring to an ongoing breakdown of government services, civil society, and the economy.
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David; Mamun, Abdullah; Olivetti, Elsa; Piñeiro, Valeria. Washington, DC 2023
Two issues of particular concern amid the growing food crisis are export restrictions and public stockholding programs. Agricultural export restrictions have been a major topic in global trade negotiations since the food price crisis of 2007/08, when many countries imposed such measures, particularly on food grains like wheat and rice. Now it is happening again: Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, 23 countries have imposed export restrictions affecting over 16% of global agricultural trade (on a calorie basis).
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde, David; Piñeiro, Valeria; Tejeda, Agustín . Washington, DC 2023
However, like the rest of the world, these countries are operating in the difficult current environment of global economic slowdown, rising energy and fertilizer prices, and rising inflation. In this post, we examine responses of Southern Cone countries to the disruptions in agricultural markets caused by the war, and their prospects going forward.
Martyshev, Pavlo; Nivievskyi, Oleg; Bogonos, Mariia . Washington, DC 2023
These impacts have global economic effects as well — particularly on agricultural markets and food security. Damage to Ukrainian agriculture and production losses also continue to mount. This has created severe economic uncertainty, driving many Ukrainian farmers to the brink of bankruptcy and substantially depressing agricultural output — contributing to high prices and price volatility around the world. In this post, we outline the war’s impacts on Ukrainian production and exports of key crops and their continuing global reverberations.
Balana, Bedru; Andam, Kwaw; Amare, Mulubrhan; Adeyanju, Dolapo; Laborde, David. Washington, DC 2023
With global food prices spiking and supplies of wheat, oils, and other items disrupted due to the Russia-Ukraine war, Nigeria faces a number of threats to its already precarious food security. Since over 50% of the foods consumed by Nigerian households come from purchased sources, food price inflation threatens to place many people in a worsening food insecurity situation. In particular, Nigeria’s dependence on wheat imports may lead to high prices and supply problems. At the same time, however, Nigeria’s capacity to produce other key items — in particular, fertilizer and natural gas — may allow it to take advantage of global market disruptions from the crisis.
In this post, we examine how wheat supply disruptions and spiking prices caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict may exacerbate food insecurity in Nigeria, and also explore the country’s potential opportunities in the emerging fertilizer sector and energy industries.
Glauber, Joseph W., ed.; Laborde Debucquet, David, ed.. Washington, DC 2023
When Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, the conflict quickly sparked fears of a global food crisis. Food prices were already high in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and many countries were facing serious food insecurity. The Black Sea region is critical to meeting the world’s food needs, as is Russia’s role in supplying natural gas and, along with Belarus, fertilizers. Any disruption to this trade would drive up food prices and aggravate poverty, hunger, and malnutrition in vulnerable countries. With other countries undertaking export restrictions, these trade disruptions became even larger. The conflict has primarily affected food systems through effects on trade in cereals and vegetable oils, interruptions to fertilizer exports, and rising energy prices, although a drop in agricultural production in Ukraine is also a significant factor. Together, these impacts could drive millions more people into hunger and poverty. Early in the crisis, the FAO estimated that a prolonged disruption of exports from Ukraine and Russia could increase the number of undernourished people by 8 to 13 million in 2022.
IFPRI responded rapidly to the need for information and policy advice to address this new crisis. We signaled the worrying outlook for some agricultural commodities prior to the onset of conflict, and our first analysis on potential impacts was released on February 24, the day of the invasion. Mindful of the urgent need for analysis, IFPRI established a new blog series on High Food and Fertilizer Prices and War in Ukraine. This series, which was supported by a set of online trackers and dashboards providing access to detailed information, allowed for rapid dissemination of critical information and was widely shared through our website and communications with policymakers and media outlets. IFPRI’s strong presence at the country level allowed researchers to provide important insights into the conflict’s impact on vulnerable countries and regions. The blog posts include timely analysis of trade flows, tracking of food prices and policy responses, and results of impact modeling for vulnerable countries, which were more fully examined in a series of briefs.
This book is a compilation of those blog posts. Together, they provide an overview of how the crisis has progressed, how the international community and individual countries responded with efforts to ensure food security, and what we are learning about the best ways to ensure food security in the aftermath of a major shock to global food systems. These blog posts each reflect a moment in time — the Russia-Ukraine war and its global repercussions have continued to evolve, especially since the earliest posts were written. Thus, they provide a vivid set of “snapshots” that can help us understand and learn from this crisis. As of this writing, international prices have declined from their post-invasion highs, but as the crisis continues to unfold, further volatility seems almost certain. Moreover, compounding factors have exacerbated inflation around the world. Given that the total supply of both food and fertilizers may be enough for all of humanity, the crisis remains one of affordability rather than availability.
Swinnen, Johan; Arndt, Channing; Vos, Rob. Washington, DC 2022
Stads, Gert-Jan; Wiebe, Keith D.; Nin-Pratt, Alejandro; Sulser, Timothy B.; Benfica, Rui; Reda, Fasil; Khetarpal, Ravi. Washington, DC 2022
Ruel, Marie T.; Fanzo, Jessica. Washington, DC 2022
Falck-Zepeda, José Benjamin; Biermayr-Jenzano, Patricia; Roca, Maria Mercedes; Fuentes-Campos, Ediner; Kikulwe, Enoch Mutebi. Washington, DC 2022
Vos, Rob; Martin, Will; Resnick, Danielle. Washington, DC 2022
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, DC 2022
Ringler, Claudia; Belete, Alebachew Azezew; Mathetsa, Steven Matome; Uhlenbrook, Stefan. Washington, DC 2022
Gilligan, Daniel O.; Devereux, Stephen; Tenzing, Janna. Washington, DC 2022
Njuki, Jemimah; Benin, Samuel; Marivoet, Wim; Ulimwengu, John M.; Mwongera, Caroline; Breisinger, Clemens; Elmahdi, Amgad; Kassim, Yumna; Perez, Nicostrato D.; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Djumaboev, Kahramon; Romashkin, Roman; Mukherji, Aditi; Kishore, Avinash; Rashid, Shahidur; Chen, Kevin Z.; Zhan, Yue; Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Navarrete-Frias, Carolina; Piñeiro, Valeria. Washington, DC 2022
- Scaling up social protection programs in Africa south of the Sahara
- Strengthening the focus on climate adaptation in Africa
- Rethinking water use in the Middle East and North Africa
- Promoting climate-smart practices and crop diversification in Central Asia
- Reforming agricultural support policies in South Asia
- Improving financing for climate change mitigation and adaptation in East and Southeast Asia
- Supporting global food security and sustainability in Latin America and the Caribbean
Glauber, Joseph W.. Washington, DC 2022
Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Zhang, Wei; ElDidi, Hagar; Priyadarshini, Pratiti. Washington, DC 2022
Diaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Echeverria, Ruben G.. Washington, DC 2022
Koo, Jawoo; Kramer, Berber; Langan, Simon; Ghosh, Aniruddha; Monsalue, Andrea Gardeazabal; Luni, Tobias. Washington, DC 2022
de Brauw, Alan; Pacillo, Grazia. Washington, DC 2022
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, DC 2022
Otsuka, Keijiro, ed.; Fan, Shenggen, ed.. Washington, DC 2021
The changing global landscape combined with new and better data, technologies, and understanding means that agriculture can and must contribute to a wider range of development outcomes than ever before, including reducing poverty, ensuring adequate nutrition, creating strong food value chains, improving environmental sustainability, and promoting gender equity and equality.
Agricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing World, with its unprecedented breadth and scope, will be an indispensable resource for the next generation of policymakers, researchers, and students dedicated to improving agriculture for global wellbeing.
Rosegrant, Mark W.; Wiebe, Keith D.; Sulser, Timothy B.; Mason-D’Croz, Daniel; Willenbockel, Dirk. Washington, DC 2021
Glauber, Joseph W.; Laborde Debucquet, David; Piñeiro, Valeria. San Jose, Costa Rica 2021
Thomas, Timothy S.; Dorosh, Paul A.; Robertson, Richard D.. Washington, DC 2020
Dorosh, Paul A.; Minten, Bart. Washington, DC 2020
Dorosh, Paul A., ed.; Minten, Bart, ed.. Washington, DC 2020
Dorosh, Paul A.; Smart, Jenny; Minten, Bart; Stifel, David. Washington, DC 2020
Raiten, Daniel J.; Combs, Gerald F.. Wallingford, UK 2019
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, DC 2019
Arndt, Channing. Washington, DC 2019
Fan, Shenggen. Washington, DC 2019
Ringler, Claudia; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela. Washington, DC 2019
Koo, Jawoo; Thurlow, James; Xie, Hua; Robertson, Richard D.; Azzarri, Carlo; Kwon, Ho Young; Haile, Beliyou. Washington, DC 2019
Domenech, Laia; Tesfatsion, Semhar; Ringler, Claudia; Theis, Sophie. Washington, DC 2019
Bhandary, Prapti; Ringler, Claudia; De Pinto, Alessandro. Washington, DC 2019
Spielman, David J.; Malik, Sohail Jehangir; Dorosh, Paul A.; Ahmad, Nuzhat. Washington, D.C. 2017
Fan, Shenggen. Washington, DC 2017
Makombe, Tsitsi; Collins, Julia; Badiane, Ousmane; Breisinger, Clemens; Abdelaziz, Fatma; Khouri, Nadim; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Park, Allen; Ilyasov, Jarilkasin; Kumar, Anjani; Ahmed, Akhter U.; Davies, Stephen; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Chen, Kevin Z.; Timmer, Peter; Dawe, David; Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Torero, Máximo. Washington, DC 2017
De Pinto, Alessandro; Kwon, Ho Young; Cenacchi, Nicola; Dunston, Shahnila. Washington, D.C. 2017
De Pinto, Alessandro; Ulimwengu, John M.. Washington, D.C. 2017
Haile, Beliyou; Azzarri, Carlo; Koo, Jawoo; De Pinto, Alessandro. Washington, D.C. 2017
Ulimwengu, John M.; Kibonge, Aziza; . Washington, D.C. 2017
Munang, Richard; Mgendi, Robert. Washington, D.C. 2017
Ceballos, Francisco; Ulimwengu, John M.; Makombe, Tsitsi; Robles, Miguel. Washington, D.C. 2017
Thornton, Philip K.; Rosenstock, Todd; Lamanna, Christine; Bell, Patrick; Förch, Wiebke; Henderson, Benjamin; Herrero, Mario. Washington, D.C. 2017
Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Koo, Jawoo. Washington, D.C. 2017
De Pinto, Alessandro, ed.; Ulimwengu, John M., ed.. Washington, DC 2017
CSA practices aim to achieve three closely related objectives: sustainably increase agricultural productivity, adapt to climate change, and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The CSA objectives directly contribute to achieving the 2014 Malabo Declaration goals, which include commitments to (1) end hunger in Africa by 2025, (2) halve poverty by 2025 through inclusive agricultural growth and transformation, and (3) enhance the resilience of livelihoods and production systems to climate variability and other related risks. These linkages underscore the importance of including CSA in country and regional plans to achieve overarching development objectives in Africa, in particular food security and poverty reduction.
The 2016 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) examines the contribution of CSA to meeting Malabo Declaration goals by taking stock of current knowledge on the effects of climate change, reviewing existing evidence of the effectiveness of various CSA strategies, and discussing examples of CSA-based practices and tools for developing evidence-based policies and programs.
Bryan, Elizabeth; Theis, Sophie; Choufani, Jowel; De Pinto, Alessandro; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Ringler, Claudia. Washington, D.C. 2017
De Pinto, Alessandro; Ulimwengu, John M.. Washington, D.C. 2017
Makombe, Tsitsi; Tefera, Wondwosen; Matchaya, Greenwell; Benin, Samuel. Washington, D.C. 2017
Wiebe, Keith D.; Sulser, Timothy B.; Mason-D’Croz, Daniel; Rosegrant, Mark W.. Washington, D.C. 2017
Roy, Devesh; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Chandra, Raj. Washington, D.C. 2017
Roy, Devesh, ed.; Joshi, Pramod Kumar, ed.; Chandra, Raj, ed.. Washington, D.C. 2017
Sekar, Inba; Roy, Devesh; Joshi, Pramod Kumar. Washington, D.C. 2017
Chandra, Raj; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Negi, Akanksha; Roy, Devesh. Washington, D.C. 2017
Kumar, Praduman; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Parappurathu, Shinoj. Washington, D.C. 2017
Roy, Devesh; Chandra, Raj. Washington, D.C. 2017
Roy, Devesh; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Chandra, Raj. Washington, D.C. 2017
Dubé, Laurette; Jha, Srivardhini K.; McDermott, John. Washington, D.C. 2017
Mishra, B.. Washington, D.C. 2017
Roy, Devesh; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Chandra, Raj. Washington, D.C. 2017
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
Fan, Shenggen. Washington, D.C. 2016
Nwanze, Kanayo F.; Fan, Shenggen. Washington, D.C. 2016
Arndt, Channing; Msangi, Siwa; Thurlow, James. Washington, D.C. 2016
Ranganathan, Janet; Vennard, Daniel; Waite, Richard; Searchinger, Tim; Dumas, Patrice; Lipinski, Brian. Washington, D.C. 2016
Badiane, Ousmane; Makombe, Tsitsi; Collins, Julia; Khouri, Nadim; Breisinger, Clemens; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Park, Allen; Joshi, Pramod Kumar; Ahmed, Akhter U.; Davies, Stephen; Kumar, Anjani; Chen, Kevin Z.; Timmer, Peter; Chiang, Longwen; Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio; Torero, Máximo. Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
Fanzo, Jessica; Manohar, Shweta; Rosettie, Katherine; Glass, Sara. Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2016
Spielman, David J., ed.; Malik, Sohail Jehangir, ed.; Dorosh, Paul A., ed.; Ahmad, Nuzhat, ed.. Philadelphia, PA 2016
Spears, Dean; Haddad, Lawrence James. Washington, D.C. 2015
Fan, Shenggen; Brzeska, Joanna; Olofinbiyi, Tolulope. Washington, D.C. 2015
Nugent, Rachel; Levin, Carol; Grafton, Daniel; Fanzo, Jessica; Remans, Roseline; Anderson, C. Leigh. Washington, DC 2015
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, D.C. 2015
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, DC 2015
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, DC 2015
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Washington, DC 2015
Sulser, Timothy B.; Mason-D’Croz, Daniel; Islam, Shahnila; Robinson, Sherman; Wiebe, Keith D.; Rosegrant, Mark W.. Washington, D.C. 2015
